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The meanings of naturism and nudism are very similar, and refer to a cultural and political movement practicing,advocating and defending social nudity in private and public spaces. Several other terms have been proposed as a replacement of these terms, but none has yet found the same wide-spread acceptance as the older terms naturism and nudism.The movement includes a large range of variants including naturism, nudism, Freikörperkultur (FKK), the free beach movement as well as generalized public lands/public nudity advocacy. While there is a large amount of shared history and common themes, issues and philosophy, differences between these separate movements are sometimes contentious.

The usage of these terms varies geographically; people in the US often prefer the term nudism, while people in Europe more often than not refer to themselves as naturists. The predominant movement centers on established, family-friendly, non-sexualized variations. The inclusion of the topfree equality movement within this movement is under debate. Use of the word "clothes free" has also been used when preceding other words as a descriptive term, some arguing that it allows more inclusion of both the naturist and nudist philosophy, which are arguably similar in many regards.The movement also works in parallel to and sometimes influences and is influenced by popular culture as well as individuals and activists as well as organizations .